Ulcer meaning

An ulcer is a sore that forms on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine, resulting from the erosion of the protective mucosal layer. This erosion is often caused by factors such as infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or aspirin, excessive alcohol consumption, or chronic stress. Ulcers can lead to a range of symptoms, including burning stomach pain, bloating, heartburn, nausea, and in severe cases, vomiting blood or having dark, tarry stools. If left untreated, ulcers can cause significant complications such as bleeding, perforation of the stomach or intestinal wall, and gastric obstruction. Diagnosis typically involves endoscopic examination, and treatment may include antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori, medications to reduce stomach acid, and lifestyle modifications to promote healing and prevent recurrence.